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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: Table of Contents
Table of Contents for Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. List of articles from both the latest and ahead of print issues.
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In This Issue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 40, October 2026. <br/>
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PAK4 exacerbates melanoma immunosuppression by promoting exosome release
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 40, October 2026. <br/>SignificanceImmunotherapy resistance remains a major challenge in melanoma. We identify PAK4 as a key driver of this resistance by promoting the release of PD-L1-enriched exosomes that suppress antitumor immunity. We describe a dual mechanism by which ...
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Children from six cultures reliably help their peers—but in different ways
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 40, October 2026. <br/>SignificanceAll over the world people routinely help one another. Helping provides valuable opportunities to affiliate with others—the foundation of human sociality. Focusing on peer interactions, we tested 4- to 9-y-old children in an experimental task ...
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Dynamic tRNA modification programs align codon usage with growth-phase-specific gene expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 40, October 2026. <br/>SignificanceBacteria fine-tune gene expression not only by controlling which genes are switched on, but also by regulating how efficiently their encoded proteins are produced. Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) carry chemical modifications that can alter their ...
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A structure-aware generative AI framework for revealing functional relationships in protein families
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 40, October 2026. <br/>SignificanceProtein databases contain millions of rapidly accumulating sequences, while increasingly accurate 3D structure predictions provide unprecedented data for analysis. Predicted structures can also be encoded using a structure-focused alphabet ...