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Journal of Physics: Conference Series - latest papers
Latest articles for Journal of Physics: Conference Series
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Advancement in biodiesel production using ionic liquid as media and catalyst
The swift depletion of fossil fuels and the growing desire to address the environmental impact of their use have caused the development of renewable energy sources. One of those renewable energy sources is biodiesel. However, the current methods for producing biodiesel rely heavily on using homogeneous catalysts (NaOH and H2SO4) that have created many problems related to soap formation, separation difficulties, and high energy requirements. As an alternative to conventional catalysts, ionic liquids (IL) possess a low volatility, can be reused, are thermally and chemically stable, and have an acidity or basicity that can be tailored for the various feedstocks. There are three categories of ILs: acidic ionic liquids (AILs), basic ionic liquids (BILs), and bifunctional ionic liquids (BILs) used for the esterification, transesterification, or both processes, respectively. ILs enhance the kinetics of the biodiesel formation reaction while improving the miscibility of the reactants and reducing the occurrence of undesired side reactions such as saponification. These ILs can also stabilise enzymes that are being used as biocatalysts in the production of biodiesel (i.e., lipases). Recent studies have focused on TSILs, attaching them to solid substrates (uses include microwave and ultrasonic waves). Although elevated yields and reuse capabilities exist, IL cost, viscosity, and recovery present challenges. This review paper will elucidate the current state of classification for ILs including uses in both catalytic and non-catalytic reaction systems. In addition, it will present new data that demonstrates how ILs have been employed to increase the efficiency, sustainability, and scalability of biodiesel production, as well as a focus on the development of cheaper and biodegradable ILs.
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Preface
The Organising Committee is pleased to present the proceedings of the Soehadi Reksowardojo International Seminar on Chemical Process Engineering (STKSR) 2025, held in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. The conference was organized by the Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, and Department of Bioenergy Engineering and Chemurgy, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB). STKSR 2025 brought together researchers, academics, industry professionals, policymakers, and students to exchange ideas and discuss recent advances in sustainable energy and chemical process engineering. The Soehadi Reksowardojo International Seminar on Chemical Process Engineering (STKSR) is a well-established scientific forum that was initiated as a national seminar in Indonesia in 1991 and officially transformed into an international seminar in 2010. Since then, it has continuously served as a platform for scientific exchange and international collaboration, attracting participants from academia, industry, and government. Hosted by the Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, the conference is inspired by the legacy of Prof. Ir. Soehadi Reksowardojo, whose contributions to engineering education and research have significantly shaped Indonesia’s scientific and technological landscape. The conference upholds the values of Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi, emphasizing education, research, and community service. The theme of STKSR 2025, “Circular Economy on Energy Sector: A Sustainable Approach to Energize Future Civilization,” reflects the growing importance of sustainable strategies in supporting the global energy transition. The conference highlights recent developments in renewable energy technologies, circular economy approaches for energy production and consumption, carbon capture and utilization, green chemical processes, and sustainable materials. These topics underline the necessity of integrating scientific innovation, industrial implementation, and policy support to achieve resilient and sustainable energy systems. List of Scientific and Organizing Committees are available in this PDF.
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Peer Review Statement
All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. • Type of peer review: Single Anonymous • Conference submission management system: Morressier • Number of submissions received: 37 • Number of submissions sent for review: 37 • Number of submissions accepted: 35 • Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 94.6 • Average number of reviews per paper: 2.1714285714285713 • Total number of reviewers involved: 29 • Contact person for queries: Name: STKSR 2025 Email: stksr2025@cheitb.id Affiliation: Institut Teknologi Bandung
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Advanced Distillation Strategies for Retrofitting Propane-Propylene Separation in Vapour Compression and Heat-Integrated Columns in Integrated Steam Cracker and RFCC Units
In integrated refinery petrochemical complexes, the propylene recovery column separating propane and propylene is among the most energy-intensive units due to the low relative volatility of the components and the large throughput required to process feeds from both Residue Fluid Catalytic Cracking (RFCC) and steam cracker units. While vapor recompression and heat pump assisted distillation have been widely studied as energy-saving concepts, their practical application as retrofit solutions in highly constrained, integrated industrial systems remains insufficiently explored. This study evaluates the engineering and economic feasibility of retrofitting an existing dual-column propylene recovery system using two advanced distillation strategies: overhead vapor recompression and a bottom flashing heat pump configuration. Unlike prior works that focus on idealized or greenfield designs, this work emphasizes minimum-impact retrofitting, preserving the original column configuration, tray count, operating envelopes, and the ability to handle RFCC and steam cracker feedstocks simultaneously and independently. Detailed process simulation, operability assessment, and techno-economic analysis are conducted to quantify energy savings, stability limits, and capital–operating cost trade-offs. The results demonstrate that vapor recompression-based retrofits can significantly reduce operating costs despite substantial capital investment, with payback periods of approximately three years. The analysis further reveals practical limitations related to compressor discharge pressure, thermal stability, and startup operability that are often overlooked in earlier studies. These findings highlight the importance of early integration of advanced separation strategies and provide practically deployable guidance for retrofitting propylene recovery systems in integrated refinery–petrochemical facilities.
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Modeling the Effect of Kiln Diameter on the Pyrolysis of EFB in Rotary Kilns
Pyrolysis is an effective thermochemical route for converting agricultural residues into biochar, bio-oil, and syngas. However, the influence of rotary kiln geometry on heat transfer and conversion uniformity remains insufficiently quantified. This study investigates the effect of kiln diameter on the pyrolysis of Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB), a fibrous biomass with low thermal conductivity. A one-dimensional steady-state model incorporating EFB-specific thermal and kinetic properties was developed and implemented in MATLAB. Kiln diameters between 50 and 100 mm were evaluated under identical operating conditions. The results show a clear trade-off between conversion completeness and energy efficiency. A small kiln with a diameter of 50 mm achieved volatile conversion above 97 percent but required a specific energy input of approximately 1364 kJ per kg of biomass. In contrast, a 100 mm kiln reduced the specific energy requirement to about 1328 kJ per kg but reached only around 89 percent conversion. Biot numbers greater than one were observed for all configurations, indicating that internal heat conduction dominates thermal resistance. These findings demonstrate that kiln diameter is a critical design parameter for optimizing rotary kiln pyrolysis of thermally resistant biomass such as EFB.